History of the Internet

Some of the information for this section was derived from the "Internet Guide."

Quote from the "Father of the Internet"

"To say the Internet is hot is an understatement. New applications and uses for the Net are being designed and implemented every day. What was state-of-the-art five years ago is now considered Stone Age. And what's brand-new today will be ancient history by next year. With a connection to the Internet, you are plugged into a revolution in the way we work, play and communicate with one another.

This worldwide communications system - a network of computers "speaking" to other computers - is an information and people resource, open to anyone with access to the proper equipment. With a computer, a modem, a phone line, and Network Internet, you can explore what's been dubbed "cyberspace," a virtual land of opportunity, intrigue, and, occasionally, pandemonium. Phone companies, cable TV companies, specialized providers, schools, and governments all offer people ways to hook into the Net. Why? Because the Internet may turn out to be one of the most important technological tools of all time.

The Overnight Sensation?

While it appears that the Net sprang into existence overnight, the reality is that this "mother of all networks" has functioned in some capacity since 1969. ARPANET, as it was called, was a Defense Department initiative designed to allow the sharing of military and scientific information, to connect universities across the country, and to expedite computer research projects.

Throughout the next two decades, similar networks began popping up around the world. In 1981, the U.S. government separated the military and civilian duties of ARPANET, splitting the network in two. Then, in 1986, the National Science Foundation (NSF) established its own network, with connections to the original "NET." The NSFNet assumed ARPANET's functions and fostered an explosion of university connectivity. By 1988, this backbone of high-power computing became known simply as the Internet.

Originally created for and used by researchers, educators, and government workers, the Internet has become a playground for the commercial world and its consumers. It's been estimated that anywhere between 22 and 40 million people around the world are Internet users. By the year 2000, there could be 200 million people online.

The Web Captures People

Why the growth spurt? The reasons are manifold: the breadth of information available via the Net; an increasing number of "on-ramps" to the Internet; the proliferation of home computers (a third of all American families now have a PC or a Macintosh); and the growth of the World Wide Web - a part of the Net where navigating the information highway is as easy as pointing and clicking. The simplicity and speed of electronic mail (e-mail) also prompted millions to join the Internet community.

Netiquette (Internet Etiquette)

First impressions are lasting impressions - so they say - and the Internet is no exception. As etiquette is practiced and recognized in face-to-face social settings, the Internet has its own form of what's hot and what's not, and it's called Netiquette. While online, it is recommended that you communicate in a considerate and thoughtful manner, since how you present yourself through your typing will exemplify your thoughts and personality.

There are some basic "Road Rules" to remember when you're communicating over the Internet via newsgroup postings, e-mail messages, or personal web pages, but the two most fundamental are:

1) Don't Flame

A "flame" is a violent, sarcastic, or unnecessary expression of disapproval. Throughout your Internet journeys - via personal e-mail, Usenet postings, information on the Web - you may encounter statements or information with which you strongly disagree. If you responded to such things in a sarcastic or inappropriate manner, it would be considered "flaming". If you make a mistake and accidentally flame someone, a quick apology may clear the air.

2) Don't Spam

Besides being a message that you should not ever send, a "spam" is an inappropriate message that you send to multiple newsgroups or e-mail addresses. Spamming is considered entirely unacceptable in the Internet community and can result in your account cancellation.

Some other basic rules of thumb include:

• Always check your spelling - misspelled words can change perceptions and meanings

• DON'T USE ALL CAPITAL LETTERS - this is considered the equivalent of yelling

• Like Mom always said, "If you don't have anything nice (or relevant) to say, don't say it at all"

• Use correct grammar and punctuation

• Proofreading is key - Edit your messages before sending

• Cite references and quotes

• Politically correct is sometimes best - Since the Internet is a "melting pot" comprised of users of all races, religions, genders, cultures, and values, please ensure that your messages are appropriate for all audiences

Emoticons

Emoticons are a combination of ASCII characters that suggests an emotion, usually when read sideways. You can use these symbols when sending an e-mail message or posting newsgroup messages to convey your feelings. Turn your head sideways to read the first six. Some of the most popular emoticons include: